Article 1 - EU trade dynamics and the European model in the context of new globalization patterns and global governance
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21814/perspectivas.4562Palavras-chave:
European model, EU trade policy, new generation trade agreements, regulation, EU versus member state competencesResumo
Este artigo argumenta que a dinâmica comercial da União Europeia (UE) e os (velhos e novos) desafios da globalização não podem ser vistos isoladamente das suas implicações para o modelo (económico, social, ambiental) europeu. A UE, tradicionalmente defensora do comércio livre e do multilateralismo, enfrenta um sistema comercial internacional cada vez mais desordenado e novas realidades que afetam o seu comércio externo (considerações ambientais mas também geopolíticas; política industrial). A promoção do comércio externo pode, no entanto, não se coadunar com os valores europeus, aos quais as revisões da política comercial da UE teoricamente se vinculam, e que recentemente passaram a incluir os objetivos do Pacto Ecológico Europeu. O artigo questiona se na prática a UE defende o modelo europeu de governação através dos seus acordos comerciais de nova geração, que constituem o principal veículo de concretização da sua política comercial. Estes estendem-se cada vez mais a áreas não tradicionais, o que implica que têm implicações sobre o modelo europeu de uma forma que os acordos comerciais tradicionais não tinham, através de múltiplos canais, incluindo a regulação (normas, também ambientais e laborais) ou cláusulas de proteção dos investidores. A questão – saber se a UE privilegia o comércio ao modelo europeu – reflete-se na dificuldade de encontrar um consenso necessário entre os Estados-Membros para assegurar a ratificação dos recentes acordos comerciais profundos.
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