Tension In The Paradise: Fulani And Boko Haram Terrorism In Nigeria
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21814/perspectivas.3914Palavras-chave:
Boko Haram, Development, Failed State, Fulani Terrorism, Good Governance, Kidnapping, Realist theory, Urban ViolenceResumo
A Nigéria está se tornando um estado acabado e gasto. Os tecidos que compunham o país foram minados pela série de práticas corruptas de funcionários estatais e não estatais. Estes, portanto, resultaram em cascata do mal e série de efeito dominó contra a estabilidade do país. Uma semiótica importante de um estado acabado e esgotado é uma crise sistêmica prolongada e ininterrupta que resulta em outras crises. Uma crise proeminente desse tipo na Nigéria é o terrorismo do Boko Haram, que já dura mais de uma década. Isso gera outras variantes de insurreições internas e agressões externas, como o sequestro terrorista Fulani por resgate e outras atividades de banditismo. Milhares de vidas foram desperdiçadas, milhões foram deslocados de suas comunidades e valores econômicos no valor de milhões de dólares foram destruídos. Sem dúvida, são tensões no país que cresceram a partir de vários modelos de radicalização e ameaçam a existência da entidade política. Como a Nigéria pode sobreviver a essas tragédias e permanecer um único estado soberano? Perspectivas teóricas realistas são interrogadas para oferecer soluções para esses dilemas. As conclusões têm como premissa a garantia de uma boa governação e distribuição equitativa da riqueza soberana do país para assegurar uma paz duradoura e um desenvolvimento sustentado.
Downloads
Referências
Adeloye, D., Carr, N., & Insch, A. (2020). Conducting qualitative interviews on sensitive topics in sensitive places: the case of terrorism and tourism in Nigeria. Tourism Recreation Research, 45(1), 69-79.
Aluko O.I (2020a). Soft Power and the State of Nigeria’s Economic Diplomacy In Ogunnubi O. and Oyewole S. (Eds) Power Politics in Africa: Nigeria and South Africa in Comparative Perspective London: Cambridge
Aluko O.I (2020b). Urban Violence and Development in ECOWAS: A Comparative Analysis on
Four States In Oboh, G. E. Multidisciplinary Perspectives on Applying Global Practices to the African Political System. IGI Global. http://doi:10.4018/978-1-7998-2625-5
Aluko O.I (2020c) Backdoor Politics: Permitting Informalities for Formal Development in
African Democracy TEME Journal for Social Sciences Vol. XLIV, No 1 209-229
Aluko O.I (2020d) Breaking the Cycle of Corruption in Nigeria: The Myth and Reality Journal of Co-operative and Business Studies (JCBS) Vol.5, Issue 1 Pp 115-125
Aluko O.I (2020e) Working within the Laws: Crop Farming–Pastoralism Conundrum and Convalescence in Nigeria Benue Valley Journal of Herder-Farmer Crisis Volume 1 Pp 1-21 https://dousingtensions.org/benuevalley.php, https://dousingtensions.org/print.php?id=5
Aluko O.I (2020f) Radicalising Pastoralists and Farmers in Sustained Violence: A Theoretical Construct Benue Valley Journal of Herder-Farmer Crisis Maiden Edition Pp 1-17 https://dousingtensions.org/benuevalley.php, https://dousingtensions.org/print.php?id=3
Aluko O.I (2019a) Political Culture of Violence in Developing Democracies Journal Studies in Politics and Society Vol 7
Aluko O.I (2019b) Urban Violence Management in Nigeria ACU Journal of Social and Management Sciences Vol 2 No 1 Pp 77-87
Aluko O.I (2019c) Caging the Leviathan Dynamics of Public Administration Vol 39 (1) Pp20-36 DOI: 10.5958/0976-0733.2019.00003.8
Aluko O.I (2018) Gang and Urban Violence Prevalence on Democratic Sustenance ABAC Journal Vol.38 No 1 Pp 133-143
Aluko, O. I. (2017). Urban violence dimension in Nigeria: farmer and herders onslaught. AGATHOS 8(1): 187-206.
Bildirici, M., & Gokmenoglu, S. M. (2020). The impact of terrorism and FDI on environmental pollution: evidence from Afghanistan, Iraq, Nigeria, Pakistan, Philippines, Syria, Somalia, Thailand and Yemen. Environmental Impact Assessment Review, 81, 106340.
Campbell J. (2021) Nigeria Security Tracker https://www.cfr.org/nigeria/nigeria-security-tracker/p29483 18/3/2021
Cline, L. E. (2021). Jihadist Movements in the Sahel: Rise of the Fulani?. Terrorism and Political Violence, 1-17.
Edinger, H. (2021). Theory of Irrational Politics: Classical Realist Lessons on Foreign Policy Analysis. International Studies Review.
Ejeh, E. U., Bappah, A. I., & Dankofa, Y. (2020). Proscription of terrorism in Nigeria: a comparative legal study. Commonwealth Law Bulletin, 46(3), 367-390.
Ekumaoko, C. E., & Ezemenaka, K. E. (2020). Responsibility to protect: external intervention on Boko Haram terrorism in Nigeria. Security Journal, 1-21.
Ezeogidi, C. (2020). Historical Analysis of Economic Impact of Terrorism in Nigeria from 1999-2019. Available at SSRN 3586926.
George, J., Adelaja, A., Awokuse, T., & Vaughan, O. (2021). Terrorist attacks, land resource competition and violent farmer-herder conflicts. Land Use Policy, 102, 105-241.
Giroux, J., & Nwankpa, M. (2020). A vicious cycle: The growth of terrorism and counterterrorism in Nigeria, 1999–2016. In Non-Western responses to terrorism. Manchester University Press.
Ike, T. J., Singh, D., Jidong, D. E., Murphy, S., & Ayobi, E. E. (2021). Rethinking reintegration in Nigeria: community perceptions of former Boko Haram combatants. Third World Quarterly, 1-18.
Jørgensen, K. E., & Ergul Jorgensen, F. A. (2020). Realist theories in search of realists: The failure in Europe to advance realist theory. International Relations, 0047117820940355.
Joshua, S., & Chidozie, F. (2021). Terrorism in Nigeria. In Nigerian Politics (pp. 273-288). Springer, Cham.
Nnam, M. U., Ugwuoke, C. O., Njemanze, V. C., & Akwara, F. A. (2020). Boko Haram terrorism and human security in Nigeria: Matters Arising. Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma, 1-22.
Ojo, J. S. (2020). Governing “Ungoverned Spaces” in the Foliage of Conspiracy: Toward (Re) ordering Terrorism, from Boko Haram Insurgency, Fulani Militancy to Banditry in Northern Nigeria. African Security, 13(1), 77-110.
Olomojobi, Y., & Omotola, O. T. (2021). Social Media: A Protagonist for Terrorism.
International Journal of Cyber Warfare and Terrorism (IJCWT), 11(1), 31-44.
Onapajo, H., & Ozden, K. (2020). Non-military approach against terrorism in Nigeria: deradicalization strategies and challenges in countering Boko Haram. Security Journal, 1-17.
Oyewole, S. (2021). Civil-military Relations: Conflict and Cooperation between Military Bases and Host Communities in Nigeria. African Security, 1-27.
Thisdaylive (2020). Report: Fulani Herdsmen Killed 2,539 Nigerians in 654 Attacks June 7, 2020 https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2020/06/07/report-fulani-herdsmen-killed-2539-nigerians-in-654-attacks/ 18/3/2021
Ugwueze, M. I., & Onuoha, F. C. (2020). Hard versus soft measures to security: Explaining the failure of counter-terrorism strategy in Nigeria. Journal of Applied Security Research, 15(4), 547-567.
Downloads
Publicado
Como Citar
Edição
Secção
Licença
Direitos de Autor (c) 2022 Perspectivas - Journal of Political Science
Este trabalho encontra-se publicado com a Creative Commons Atribuição-NãoComercial 4.0.
Authors must be sure that they have permission to reproduce copyright material, prior to submitting their articles to this Journal.
Authors must secure permission if they have permission to reproduce figures, tables, or any extract from the text of another source. This applies to direct reproduction as well as to any derivative reproduction.
In assigning copyright, authors retain their right to use their own material elsewhere, provided that the Journal is acknowledged as the original place of publication, and the Editorial Team is notified in writing in advance.
Further information on copyright policy please contact info@perspectivasjournal.com
