Capital x Labor in the Creative Industries: A Marxist Approach to Copyright and Related Rights
Capital x Trabalho nas Indústrias Criativas: uma Abordagem Marxista para os Direitos de Autor e Direitos Relacionados
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21814/perspectivas.80Palavras-chave:
Copyright, Marxism, PoliticsResumo
This paper aims to develop an alternative framework to understand copyright based upon a Marxist analysis of this field in political science grounds. By providing a bibliographical research on both the fundamentals of property theories and Marxist perspectives, I try to promote another understanding on how creative industries operate. Therefore, the paper provides a literature study on both intellectual property theories and Marxism. Regarding intellectual property theories, I focus on four types of approaches: utilitarian theory, labor theory, personality theory and culture theory. In what concerns Marxist perspectives, I explain most fundamental concepts such as “class”, “exploitation” and the relationship between classes and State according to a Marxist view. These concepts are important to understand lobbying of creative industries. Then, I try to build a framework that links these concepts. Finally, I employ this Marxist framework to the “modus operandi” of copyright core industries analyzing how stakeholders interact with each other and in what extent they may affect public policies about copyright and related rights. In the final remarks, I suggest a research agenda on Marxism and copyright. Thus, this is a preliminary exercise to encourage other studies.
Resumo
Este artigo tem como objetivo desenvolver uma estrutura alternativa para entender os direitos autorais com base na análise marxista desta área. Ao fornecer uma pesquisa bibliográfica sobre os fundamentos das teorias da propriedade e as perspetivas marxistas, tenta-se promover um outro entendimento sobre como as indústrias criativas operam. Portanto, o artigo fornece um estudo de literatura sobre teorias de propriedade intelectual e marxismo. Em relação às teorias de propriedade intelectual, concentro-me em quatro tipos de abordagens: teoria do bem-estar, teoria do trabalho, teoria da personalidade e teoria da cultura. No que concerne às perspetivas marxistas, explicam-se os conceitos fundamentais como ”classe”, ”exploração” e a relação entre classes e Estado, de acordo com a visão marxista. Deste modo, constrói-se um framework que conecte estes conceitos. Por fim, emprega-se essa estrutura marxista no ”modus operandi” das indústrias centrais de direitos autorais, analisando como as partes interessadas interagem umas com as outras e em que medida elas podem afetar as políticas públicas sobre direitos autorais e direitos relacionados. Nas considerações finais, sugere-se uma agenda de pesquisa sobre marxismo e direitos autorais. Este é um exercício preliminar para encorajar outros estudos.
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Referências
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