A Formação dos Campos Políticos na Queda dos Regimes Autoritários. Portugal e Itália: Paradigmas de Recrutamento Político
The Formation of Political Fields in the Fall of Authoritarian Regimes. Portugal and Italy: Political Recruitment Paradigms
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21814/perspectivas.22Keywords:
Political Field, Transition, Political Elite, Southern EuropeAbstract
The problem of political elites is certainly one of the central issues in the study of the functioning of political systems. Crucial, in our view, is the relationship between regime crisis, transition and political recruitment. This paper discusses these processes in two southern European countries: Italy and Portugal. The aim is to see how in the only institution that never ceased to exist - the Government - the fractures were rebuilt during periods of critical juncture. Using a quantitative methodology - which takes into account political (partisan affiliation, career in institutions) - and qualitative (key positions in ministries, biographies) variables, we go through the process of rebuilding the ministerial elite during and after the transition. The research highlights the difficulty in finding common elements between these two countries, in the Italian case the political field strongly dissociated from civil society and, in the Portuguese case, composed largely of ministers unrelated to the political professionalism tout court. The data show how national political recruitment traditions are more explanatory factors than possible "South European" paradigms. The only important common element between Italy and Portugal is, in times of great crisis, the confidence of the political actors at stake in the high military ranks, which does not seem to characterize these two countries alone.
Resumo
O problema das elites políticas é de certeza uma das questões centrais para o estudo do funcionamento dos sistemas políticos. Crucial, em nosso entender, a relação entre crise de regime, transição e recrutamento político. Neste artigo são abordados esses processos em dois países do Sul da Europa: Itália e Portugal. O objectivo é ver como na única instituição que nunca deixou de existir - o Governo - se recompuseram as fracturas nos períodos de conjunturas críticas. Utilizando uma metodologia quantitativa - que leva em consideração variáveis de carácter político (filiação partidária, percurso nas instituições) - e qualitativa (cargos chave nos ministérios, biografias), percorremos o processo de re-construção da elite ministerial durante e após a transição. A investigação põe em relevo a dificuldade em encontrar elementos comuns entre estes dois países, sendo no caso italiano o campo político fortemente dissociado da sociedade civil e, no caso português, composto em grande parte por ministros alheios ao profissionalismo político tout court. Os dados evidenciam como as tradições de recrutamento político nacional são factores mais explicativos do que os possíveis paradigmas "Sul-europeus". O único elemento comum importante entre Itália e Portugal é, em momentos de grande crise, a confiança dos actores políticos em jogo nas altas patentes militares, elemento que não nos parece caracterizar unicamente estes dois países.
Downloads
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Authors must be sure that they have permission to reproduce copyright material, prior to submitting their articles to this Journal.
Authors must secure permission if they have permission to reproduce figures, tables, or any extract from the text of another source. This applies to direct reproduction as well as to any derivative reproduction.
In assigning copyright, authors retain their right to use their own material elsewhere, provided that the Journal is acknowledged as the original place of publication, and the Editorial Team is notified in writing in advance.
Further information on copyright policy please contact info@perspectivasjournal.com