Eleições Europeias e Política Nacional: Lições Retiradas das 'Novas' Democracias do Sul da Europa
European Elections and National Politics: Lessons Learned from the 'New' Democracies of Southern Europe
Keywords:
European Union, European Elections, European Parliament, New European DemocraciesAbstract
The 2004 European elections marked a major change in the existence of the European Union: due to the enlargement of the Union, ten new member states participated in these elections. Of these countries, eight are considered consolidating democracies that until the early 1990s were under an authoritarian communist regime. As a result, they had their first European elections about fourteen years after their first democratic elections. The new southern European democracies, which in turn are also EU member states (Greece, Portugal and Spain), share some characteristics with the eight post-communist democracies, which may be relevant to the study of elections for the future European Parliament. First, they began their transition to democracy in the mid-1970s. As a result, they share the same common authoritarian heritage with the new consolidating democracies of the East and Central Europe. Secondly, they held their first EP elections shortly after their first national democratic elections. Between 1981/87 and 2004, in the new southern European democracies, five (Portugal and Spain) and six (Greece) European elections took place. Therefore, the questions raised in our research stem essentially from these characteristics.
Resumo
As eleições europeias de 2004 assinalaram uma grande mudança na existência da União Europeia: devido ao alargamento da União, dez novos estados-membros participaram nessas eleições. Desses países, oito são considerados democracias em consolidação que, até ao início dos anos 90 se encontravam sob um regime comunista autoritário. Por conseguinte, tiveram as suas primeiras eIeições europeias cerca de catorze anos depois das suas primeiras eleições democráticas. As novas democracias do Sul da Europa que, por seu turno, também são estados-membros da UE (Grécia, Portugal e Espanha), partilham algumas caracteristicas com as oito democracias pos-comunistas, que podem ser relevantes para o estudo das eleiçõess para o Parlamento Europeu. Em primeiro lugar, iniciaram a sua transição para a democracia em meados dos anos 70. Consequentemente, partilham uma mesma herança autoritária comum com as novas democracias em consolidação do Leste e do Centro da Europa. Em segundo lugar, realizaram as suas primeiras eleiçõess para o PE pouco tempo depois das suas primeiras eleições democráticas nacionais. Entre 1981/87 e 2004, ocorreram nas novas democracias do Sul da Europa cinco (Portugal e Espanha) e seis (Grécia) eleições europeias. Assim sendo, as questões colocadas no ambito da nossa investigação decorrem essencialmente dessas características.
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