Pardos na Bahia: casamento, cor e mobilidade social, 1760-1830
Browned-skinned in Bahia: marriage, color and social mobility, 1760-1830
Keywords:
Color/Quality, Brown-Skin, Marriage, Slavery, Social MobilityAbstract
This text analyzes the meanings of colors/qualities and the matrimonial arrangements of slaves, free people of color or freed people of color in the Parish of Our Lady de Penha of Itapagipe, making some comparisons with the Parish of Our Lady de Ó of Paripe, both in the city of Salvador, Bahia, 1760-1830. The parish records of marriages in these parishes draw attention to the paradox of married single slaves and marriages of male slaves to manumissed female, and provide a deeper analysis of free brow-skinned people, usually legitimate children, confirming the importance of marriage for people in social mobility. Marriages without color identification are also problematized, raising the hypothesis that many of those who silent about color could be "mestizo" people who ascended socially. Brown-skinned people, while distancing themselves from slavery for generations, were an intermediate social group between free and white creoles, or without color identification. This group of free brown-skinned people had an important political role in the 1798 movement and others, in the context of the struggles for independence, in the defense of already occupied spaces or in claiming the opening of new ones. That is, the brown color had a meaning not only social, but also political, those that brought "the novelty".
Resumo
Este texto analisa os significados das cores/qualidades e os arranjos matrimoniais de escravos, libertos e livres de cor na Freguesia Nossa Senhora da Penha de de Itapagipe, estabelecendo algumas comparações com a Freguesia Nossa Senhora do Ó de Paripe, ambas na cidade de Salvador, Bahia, 1760-1830. Os registros paroquiais de matrimônios dessas freguesias chamam atenção para o paradoxo senhores solteiros/escravos casados e para os casamentos de homens escravos com mulheres forras, além de proporcionarem uma análise mais aprofundada sobre os pardos livres, geralmente filhos legítimos, confirmando a importância do casamento para pessoas em mobilidade social. Problematizam-se, ainda, os casamentos sem identificação de cor, levantando a hipótese de que muitos dos que silenciaram sobre a cor poderiam ser pessoas "mestiças" que ascenderam socialmente. Os pardos, ao mesmo tempo em que se distanciavam da escravidão, por gerações, constituíam-se num grupo social intermediário entre os crioulos livres e brancos, ou sem identificação de cor. Esse grupo, de pardos livres, teve um importante papel político no movimento de 1798 e em outros, no contexto das lutas pela Independência, na defesa por espaços já ocupados ou reinvindicando a abertura de novos. Ou seja, a cor parda teve um significado não apenas social, mas também político, os que traziam "a novidade".
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