O que correu mal no Médio Oriente?
What went wrong in the Middle East?
Keywords:
Middle East, Islamism, PerceptionsAbstract
This paper seeks to reflect on the theories and facts that explain the declining situation of the Arab world and how, for the average citizen, their culture came to be associated with phenomena of violence and extremism. Involuntarily, the region is connoted in popular imagination with certain pejorative features: religious fundamentalism, minority intolerance, political authoritarianism, women's oppression, and terrorism. For those who know the history of the Arab world, what is most striking is that, within a few centuries, the Arab world has lost its position as the beacon of civilization and the forefront of knowledge. In the Modern Age, it gradually slipped into a stature of backwardness and stagnation.
Resumo
Este trabalho procura refletir sobre as teorias e factos que explicam a situação de declínio do mundo árabe e a forma como, para o cidadão comum, a sua cultura veio a ser associada a fenómenos de violência e de extremismo. De forma involuntária, a região está conotada, no imaginário popular, com certas características pejorativas: fundamentalismo religioso, intolerância das minorias, autoritarismo político, opressão das mulheres e terrorismo. Para quem conhece a história do mundo árabe, o que mais impressiona é o facto de, no espaço de alguns séculos, o mundo árabe ter perdido a sua posição de farol da civilização e de vanguarda do conhecimento. Na Idade Moderna, ele foi resvalando paulatiamente para um estaturo de atraso e de estagnação.
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