A Passagem do Nordeste, a Política Externa e a Estratégia Russa para o Ártico durante o terceiro mandato presidencial de Vladimir Putin (2012-2018)
The Northeast passage, Russian foreign policy for the Arctic during Vladimir Putin’s third presidential term (2012-2018)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21814/perspectivas.2717Keywords:
Arctic, Foreign Policy, Putin, NSR, Natural Resources.Abstract
The Arctic assumed more importance in the 21st century and the appearance of this region in the international media will not be something strange in the future years. Being a rich zone in terms of hydrographic resources it is not surprising that coastal countries have an interest in it. Today, there is one country which stands out since the third presidency of its leader and has made great progress and acquired the status of Arctic leader - Vladimir Putin's Russia. Having the largest icebreakers fleet and being benefiting from the nature by having the richest part of the Arctic, Moscow will protect his part and will try to expend his Continental Shelf to the North Pole. Although not being recognized internationally, the Russians consider the Northern Sea Route as part of their zone of influence. To be able to compete with the Suez Canal, Russia has invested in infrastructures, transport and tends to attract the foreign partners to develop the Russian part of Arctic. The risk increases when Russia militarizes the region and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization organizes military training bases on the on Article 5 of the North Atlantic Treaty in the Arctic region (BBC News, 2019, n.d). This is a case study based on a documental analysis of hypothetico-deductive nature, with the goal of identify the characteristics of Russian foreign policy and strategy, during Putin's third presidency 2012-2018.
Resumo
O aparecimento do Ártico nos media internacionais não será uma novidade nos próximos anos, visto que esta região ganhou uma maior importância no século XXI. Sendo uma zona rica em recursos hidrográficos não é de estranhar que os países costeiros possuam interesse sobre a mesma. Atualmente, já se destaca um país que desde a terceira presidência do seu líder avançou bastante e ganhou o estatuto de líder Ártico - a Rússia de Vladimir Putin. Tendo a maior frota de quebra-gelos e sendo beneficiado pela natureza por ter a parte mais rica em recursos naturais do Ártico, é evidente que Moscovo tudo fará para a proteger e procurará estender a sua plataforma continental até ao Pólo Norte. Mesmo não sendo reconhecido internacionalmente, os russos consideram a Northern Sea Route como parte da sua zona de influência ártica. Para poder competir com o Canal do Suez, a Rússia investiu em infra-estruturas e transporte, procurando atrair parceiros estrangeiros para desenvolver mais a sua parte do Ártico. O risco aumenta quando o Kremlin militariza a zona ártica, e a Organização do Tratado do Atlântico Norte organiza na região os treinos militares que têm por base o artigo 5 do Tratado do Atlântico Norte (BBC News, 2019, n.d). O presente estudo de caso baseia-se numa análise documental de natureza hipotético-dedutiva, e possui o objetivo de procurar identificar as características da política externa e da estratégia russa, durante o terceiro mandato presidencial de Putin 2012-2018.
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